One can either underline or italicize the case name. Those phrases such as cert denied, introducing a case citation for the action indicated by the explanatory phrase are followed by commas which are not italicized, see rule 2. However, nonenglish words that have been used so much that they have been incorporated into the english language are not italicized. Presented by the academic achievement program october. The purpose of this guide is to introduce the bluebook and basic. How to cite legal materials follow the bluebook style, as closely as you can. Consider that in the best style, the abbreviations e. Times new roman font alongside with oneinch margins. So long as you are consistent, the bluebook rules allow you substitute italic type wherever underscoring is used. The bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. Bluebook citation school of justice studies rasguides. There are extensive bluebook rules regarding what parts of the party names are to be included, omitted, or abbreviated, depending on several factors. Do not italicize the apostrophe or the s following an italicized possessive term e. Rule 4 provides additional information on using id.
In academic writing, the case name is in normal type in footnotes and italicized in text. Below are examples based on the 18th edition of the bluebook. Preceding citation may only contain one authority but ignore authority in explanatory parentheticals. Supra refers to material that has already appeared in the document and it has its own rule at 4. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. The case name will appear at the beginning of the citation. I dont think it would make a difference if you changed the pincite, so in your example. If there any judges out there who flip out over a failure to italicize the periods in id.
Short forms for cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown. In court documents, the case name is underlined or italicized. Always check the blue pages in the back of the bluebook table 1 to. When writers do not signal a citation, the cited authority states the proposition, is the source of the cited quotation or identifies an authority referred to in. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. If there is an official name for the act, it needs to go before the title number and must followed by a comma. The abbreviations, though latin, have been incorporated into the common english language and, thus, are not italicized.
Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. Italic traditionally, underscoring was simply a way of indicating to the printer that text should be italicized. The bluebook now makes it optional to use parentheses around your record cites. For proper citation, you should either underline or italicize the case name, depending on where in a document you are placing the citation see rule 2. Table 10 is a list of abbreviations for geographical locations.
Table 6 of the bluebook is a list of acceptable abbreviations of common words. Thus, if footnote 24 contains work x, and footnote 25 contains w and x, you must order them alphabetically and use a supra reference for source x. Typeface conventions bluebook legal citation tarlton. Since the period is part of the abbreviation, you italicize it. Deciding court, jurisdiction date of decision united states v. Constitution that says that each state shall have two. Underline case names in text no italics and always give the full case name the first time. The bluebook requires subsequent history be included in the citation if the case was addressed by a higher court or if the case is cited in full.
Notice that the period is also underlined when you use id. Raquel ortiz roger williams university law library 2. Commas, semicolons, and other punctuation marks should be in italics if they are part of the italicized material, not when they are an element of. California style manual for many years, the california style manual has served as the official guide for styling citations to legal materials in documents filed with state courts in california. Underlining may be used instead of italics, but the practice is dying out. This is the abbreviation that should always be included in a citation for an affidavit to indicate that it is an affidavit being referenced. The names of the parties are italicized or underlined depending on the ultimate use of the citation.
Citation practices and the bluebook cuny school of law. Latin words that have been consistently used in legal writing are considered incorporated into the english language. If you are citing more than one section, you need to use two subsection characters followed by the sections you are citing. Where the bluepages and local court rules are silent regarding the.
Presented by the academic achievement program october 25, 2011. You should use large and small capitals for book authors and titles. You should use ordinary plain text for case names in full citations, except for procedural phrases like ex rel. As seen in the example above, the basic elements to a bluebook case citation are. Infra refers to material that appears later in the document, but never for. Any punctuation within the citation, speeches and publications, titles of articles, case names, explanatory phrases, latin legal phrases, and introductory signals have to be underlined or italicized. Citing to the record in briefs marquette university law.
Publications appearing in abovetheline text should be italicized. Italicize punctuation only when it falls within italicized material in a citation. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. Blue pages first section of rules for practitioners, organized as. After 5 preceding footnotes, a full citation is required. Attribution to identify the source of ideas expressed in the text, and. What i mean is like terms such as en banc and certiorari. Effective january 1, 2008, however, california rule of court, rule 1. You should only italicize long latin phrases or obsolete words or phrases. According to the legal studies program, you should use 12 pt. The remainder of the bluebook employs a more complex array of typeface conventions, including ordinary roman type, italics, and l.
After a case is cited whether fully or using a short form, use a form of id. Italicized text generally reflects text copied from the. The bluebook is the most commonly used system for legal citations in the united states, especially for legal scholarship, but also with modifications by local rules in judicial opinions and party briefs this proposal covers citations to united states legal materialsu. Weird bluebook rules bluebook citations libguides at william s. Infra refers to material that appears later in the document, but never for books see r15. Bluebook case guide bluebook citation generator legalease. When citing a source for the purposes of a citing or quoting parenthetical under rule 1. Nov 05, 2014 latin, italics, and punctuation are more than a little confusing so we will take a little time today to try to make those things a little bit clearer. Oct 24, 2018 the case name will appear at the beginning of the citation.
It is found in volume 539 of the federal reporter third series and begins on page. Iinclude blank spaces between the words and the case name. A uniform system of citation, kept at the reference desk kf 245. Constitution and state constitutions a citation to a constitution includes three elements. Now, in most instances, you italicize book titles, songs, and other fulllength works like movies. Although it is intended to highlight the bluebook, and not substitute for it, we hope this guide provides a convenient, delawarespecific resource for the superior courts judicial officers, law clerks, interns, externs, and staff. If specific page you cite is the same as preceding citation, just cite as id. If you are using parentheses around your record cites, then you use them with all record cites, including those that contain id.
Cite to a 2008 case from the third circuit court of appeals between deborah fellner and triunion seafoods, l. Underlining also is acceptable and must be used exclusively in the unified writing competition. The indigo book is a free implementation of the bluebook method, and is the preferred source for paralegal students at rasmussen college. Blue pages are mostly used in briefs, motions, memoranda, and opinions. However, the following are rules and examples for other types of legal documents that many firstyear law students may need to cite in addition to cases and statutes.
Journal conventions vanderbilt journal of entertainment. Generally, you would use this format when the case youre referring was mentioned in the preceding citation. Adds guidance that if the material is available only online, the short form. Typeface conventions bluebook legal citation tarlton law library. The bluebook contains additional rules for when it is appropriate to use this format. An affidavit citation should include the affiants last name and the paragraph number where the cited information is found in the affidavit. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. Usually need not worry about this for united states code citations.
For more help and explanations, consult the latest edition of the bluebook. If, however, the provision cited or quoted has changed since the publication of the source doing the citing or quoting, cite to the version the original cites. Typeface conventions bluebook legal citation tarlton law. For example, here is how you would cite the provision of the u. Back in the day, people taught students to underline the titles of books, magazines, plays, songs, movies, and other titled works. According to the bluebook, nonenglish words and phrases are typically italicized. However, if footnote 25 contained x and y, you could use id. This is a proposed citation style to adapt the bluebook to the unique needs of wikipedia.
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